Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety

These steps were developed by members of the Earthquake Country Alliance and are based on many existing resources and the advice of many organizations.  Earthquake Country Alliance member have specific things they need to do before, during, and after an earthquake so as to reduce earthquake damage and injuries, and to speed recovery.  But, you need to do your part.

1.  Identify potential hazards in your home and begin to fix them.

2.  Create a disaster-preparedness plan.

3.  Prepare disaster supplies kits.

4.  Identify your building’s potential weaknesses and begin to fix them.

5.   Protect yourself during earthquake shaking- drop, cover, and hold on.

6.   After the earthquake, check for injuries and damage.

7.  When safe, continue to follow your disaster preparedness plan.

WATER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ITEM TO STORE

Kriss Szkurlatowski (sxc.hu)

Loss of safe drinking water can be deadly. Most people, with few exceptions, will be feeling the effects if they do without water for more than 36 hours. Dehydration occurs much quicker than starvation. Our bodies can tolerate the loss of food much better.

With an ample water supply, starvation is delayed many days, even weeks.

The City water supply is vulnerable to the effects of a large earthquake. Contaminants can get into the drinking water supply through ruptures in the pipes, through the mixing up of sediments, through the adulteration of filtering systems, etc. Now, we take our water for granted. That will be dangerous after a big quake.

HOW MUCH SHOULD I STORE?

A good rule of thumb is:  5 GALLONS PER PERSON (MINIMUM)

NOTE:  Treat your pet as a family member when thinking about how much to store.

WATER SOURCES:

• Bottled Water from the Store – 1- and 2-gallon sealed containers (NOTE: The 1- and 2- gallon containers you purchase in your local store are not designed for long-term storage and will begin to leak/fail after about 6 months. )
• 1- and 5-Gallon Sealable Containers – From camping or survival stores. Be sure to sanitize container and treat the water that you are storing. Old bleach bottles, clearly marked, make good containers for water storage.
• 20-oz. to 1-Liter Designer Water Containers – Are usually marked with an expiration date, but are generally good for about two years
• 5-Gallon Water Bottles from Private Water Companies – Water companies claim their water and containers are good for up to five years, if still factory sealed & correctly stored in a cool dark location.

DO NOT STORE ANY PLASTIC WATER CONTAINER DIRECTLY ON CONCRETE.

The concrete will leech chemicals into the water, contaminating it and also degrading the plastic bottle, causing failure.

Store all plastic water containers on a wooden pallet or shelf. Keep water containers in a location where container failure will not destroy your other supplies.  Keep all water and supplies in a cool dark place.  Any water that you make up yourself needs to be treated.

If left untreated over time, it becomes contaminated with bacteria and algae.

• 8 DROPS OF PURE UNSCENTED LIQUID BLEACH PER GALLON OF WATER WILL REDUCE THE CONTAMINANTS IN THE WATER.
• ADD THE BLEACH WHEN YOU FIRST STORE THE WATER AWAY.

NOTE: ROTATE YOUR WATER EVERY SIX MONTHS  (This includes the 1- and 2-gallon sealed bottles purchased at the store, and the supply you made up from tap water with bleach added.)

If the purity of your water source is questionable, use the following methods to make the water safe to drink:

Best!  Add liquid chlorine beach to the water (8 drops per gallon of water.  Double this dose if the water is cloudy.)

Or

Good!  Add 2% Tincture of Iodne to the water (12 drops per gallon.  Double this dose if the water is cloudy.)

Or

Acceptable!  Boil the water vigorously (5 minutes at sea level, adding an extra minute for every 1000 feet above sea level.  Double this time if the water is cloudy.)

And

Don’t forget to clean and sanitize your food and water containers before using them.  Wash with soap and water then fill with a 10% bleach solution.  After 5 minutes empty the bleach solution and let air dry.

And

Water that is dirty should first be strained through a coffee filter,cheesecloth, or a paper towel to remove subpended matter.

Another source of water is the hot water heater. Every water heater has a drain valve near the bottom.

GETTING THE WATER OUT OF YOUR WATER HEATER :

• Use extreme caution. Let the water cool.
• Turn off the cold water supply to the tank
• Turn off the gas or electric heater for the tank
• Open the drain valve at the bottom

REMEMBER: Some sediment at the bottom of the tank may at first make water flowing out look murky. Continue to drain water until it becomes clear.

OTHER SOURCES OF WATER IN YOUR HOME

• Toilet Water Storage Tank. NOTE: Use the water from the Storage Tank – NOT THE TOILET BOWL (Don’t drink the water if you use coloring or chemicals in it)
• Melted Ice Cubes are a source of water
• Water-Packed Can Goods (even syrups are mostly water)
• Water Trapped In Home Piping. Water can be removed by locating and shutting off the main water valve. Then, open the valve at the highest point of your property (i.e., shower head, especially on the 2nd floor ). Then, when you open the valve at the lowest point, gravity will force the water from the pipes.

THE PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED SOURCES ARE FOR DRINKING AND FOOD PREPARATION

DO NOT DRINK POOL OR SPA WATER!  POOL WATER CONTAINS MANY TOXIC CHEMICALS AND HAS A HIGH POTENTIAL OF GIVING YOU DIARRHEA, CAUSING DEHYDRATION!

(Source:  Los Angeles Fire Departement – Emergency Preparedness Booklet)

MYTH #1: ” Big Earthquakes Always Happen in the Early Morning!”

Earthquakes happen at all times of the day.

What To Do

Myth #2 – “Earthquake faults can open wide enough to swallow people and buildings!”

Gaping faults exist only in fiction. During an earthquake, the ground moves across a fault, not away from it. If the fault could open, there would be no friction. If there was no friction, there would be no earthquakes.

Myth #3 – “California will split apart from the United States and sink into the ocean!”

Western California is moving horizontally along the San Andreas fault (the land on both sides of the fault are converging and getting closer together), and up around the Transverse ranges (mountains to the northeast of the LA basin).  The ocean is not a great hole into which the state can fall, but is itself land at a somewhat lower elevation with water above it.

Myth #4 – “We must have good buildings because we have good building codes!”

What if buildings were built before a code was enacted?   Check if  your building has been retrofitted.

Myth #5 – “Go for the doorway when an earthquake strikes!”

Modern homes are built so that doorways are no safer than any other part of the house.  You are much safer under a table.

Myth #6 – “Everyone will panic during the big one!”

Research shows that people are prone to protect themselves and help others during and after earthquakes.

Myth #7 – “The weather is hot and dry and that means  Earthquake!

Earthquakes start many kilometers below the region affected by surface weather.

//

Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety

What To Do

These steps were developed by members of the Earthquake Country Alliance and are based on many existing resources and the advice of many organizations.  Earthquake Country Alliance member have specific things they need to do before, during, and after an earthquake so as to reduce earthquake damage and injuries, and to speed recovery.  But, you need to do your part.

1.  Identify potential hazards in your home and begin to fix them.

2.  Create a disaster-preparedness plan.

3.  Prepare disaster supplies kits.

4.  Identify your building’s potential weaknesses and begin to fix them.

5.   Protect yourself during earthquake shaking- drop, cover, and hold on.

6.   After the earthquake, check for injuries and damage.

7.  When safe, continue to follow your disaster preparedness plan.

Clix (sxc.hu)

What to Do During an Earthquake

Stay as safe as possible during an earthquake.  Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks and a larger earthquake might occur.  Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place and stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe.

If indoors

• DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops.  If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building.
• Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture.
• Stay in bed if you are there when the earthquake strikes.  Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall.  In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
• Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to you and if you know it is a strongly supported, load bearing doorway.
• Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.  Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.
• Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.
• DO NOT use the elevators.

If outdoors

• Stay there.
• Move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires.
• Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops.  The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits, and alongside exterior walls.  Many of the 120 fatalities from the 1933 Long Beach earthquake occurred when people ran outside of buildings only to be killed by falling debris from collapsing walls.  Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury.  Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects.

If in a moving vehicle

• Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle.  Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires.
• Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped.  Avoid roads, bridges, or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake.

If trapped under debris

• Do not light a match.
• Do not move about or kick up dust.
• Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.
• Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you.  Use a whistle if one is available.  Shout only as a last resort.  Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.

www.fema.gov

What to Do After an Earthquake

Expect aftershocks. These secondary shockwaves are usually less violent than the main quake but can be strong enough to do additional damage to weakened structures and can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or even months after the quake.

Listen to a battery-operated radio or television. Listen for the latest emergency information.

Use the telephone only for emergency calls.

Open cabinets cautiously. Beware of objects that can fall off shelves.

Stay away from damaged areas. Stay away unless your assistance has been specifically requested by police, fire, or relief organizations. Return home only when authorities say it is safe.

Be aware of possible tsunamis if you live in coastal areas. These are also known as seismic sea waves (mistakenly called “tidal waves”). When local authorities issue a tsunami warning, assume that a series of dangerous waves is on the way. Stay away from the beach.

Help injured or trapped persons. Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance such as infants, the elderly, and people with disabilities.  Give first aid where appropriate.  Do not move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate danger of further injury.  Call for help.

.Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, gasoline or other flammable liquids immediately. Leave the area if you smell gas or fumes from other chemicals.

Inspect the entire length of chimneys for damage. Unnoticed damage could lead to a fire.

Inspect utilities.

Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear blowing or hissing noise, open a window and quickly leave the building.  Turn off the gas at the outside main valve if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor’s home.  If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a professional.

Look for electrical system damage. If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell hot insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker.  If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice.

Check for sewage and water lines damage. If you suspect sewage lines are damaged, avoid using the toilets and call a plumber.  If water pipes are damaged, contact the water company and avoid using water from the tap.  You can obtain safe water by melting ice cubes.

www.fema.gov